Health Case History Down Syndrome and Moderate Intellectual Disabilit

Question: Discuss about theHealth Case History for Down Syndrome and Moderate Intellectual Disability. Answer: Introduction: Health Challenges People with lifetime and chronic diseases experience various medical complications, and it might be risky to their lives if there are not nursing interventions to manage their conditions. This paper is focusing on a 45-year-old man who suffers Down syndrome, moderate intellectual disability and type II diabetes. These are health conditions that need a lot of medical concern. Otherwise his life will remain to be in danger. For example, an individual who suffers Down syndrome is prone to other diseases such as skin and bladder infections. This is according to the case studies that has been performed to people with Down syndrome and it has been discovered that their immune system is always low. In addition around half of the population having Down syndrome may experience heart diseases, thus affecting their respiratory systems. Around 10-15% of the children diagnosed with Down syndrome are said to experience heart diseases that require surgery interventions and research shows that the chances of survival for these victims are between 0.8-0.9 (Chicoine McGuire, 2010). Therefore, some other health challenges that might be experienced by victims of Down syndrome include Leukaemia, Thyroid, Hearing problems, Vision issues, sleeping problems and dementia among other psychiatric cases. Research shows that the probability of a child suffering Down syndrome to suffer hearing problems is above 0.8, thus making it a point of concern for the paediatricians among other physicians (Chicoine McGuire, 2010). An individual suffering moderate intellectual disability experiences issue related state of the mind. Therefore, several abnormalities are observed, especially that are related to the coordination or the mind and the other body parts. For instance, the intelligence quotient level for such kind of people always ranges from 35 to 49 (Horn, 2011). Therefore, according to the IQ scale chart, these values are for the individual whose intelligence under the borderline. Such individual requires a lot of care concerning methods of keeping them informed on how to undertake lifes activities. Some other health cases include developmental delays and little ability to communicate among other social problems. The man will also experience health issues related to Type 2 diabetes that will worsen his medical state. These medical problems include frequent urination and increased thirst, increased hunger, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, areas of darkened skin and frequent infections (Munshi et a l., 2016). Activity and Participation The activities and participation of this man are negatively affected by his medical conditions that need several nursing and health interventions to provide support. Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability, this man needs critical support because there is a significant effect on his normal body functioning. It can be stated that the immune system of the patient is disabled because it is unable to provide sufficient support to the body against diseases. Therefore, several infections will be observed that might raise discomfort in life and the involved activities. Some of the diseases that might be experienced include bladder and skin infections. Heart defects are among other health problems that might be experienced by the people suffering from Down syndrome and diabetes (Horn, 2011). Heart and thyroid abnormalities that might be experienced affects the normal functioning of the body, leading to several body dysfunctions such as breathing and irregular hormone production. Also, the effectiveness of the eyes and ears is reduced leading to related personal and social issues. Impaired learning for children and adolescent can be caused by sleeping disorders among other psychiatric problems. This is also caused by the reduced intelligence level caused by moderate intellectual disability, which might lead to mental illness for the rest of his life. Reduced ability to communication and inability to learn and understand effectiveness are among other problems that might affect the functioning of this man suffering such diseases. As a result of Type 2 diabetes, other issues might be experienced such as frequent urinations leading to increased thirst. This indicates that the normal functioning of the bladder is affected, and there is a need for medical intervention(s). Increased hunger is experienced because the body does have enough insulin that moves sugar into the blood cells. Therefore, as a result of deprived sugar levels in the body, fatigue might also be experienced. The inability to metabolise glucose in the body, the victim will experience weight despite the fact that a lot of food is taken. The effect of reduced immunity, the victim will experience a slowed healing of sores or frequent infections into the body. Type 2 Diabetes Nursing Support Type 2 diabetes requires a lot of nursing care before of the criticality of the health condition. If there are not effective nursing interventions implemented, the patient might live in discomfort because of failed support and control. The nursing intervention to be discussed in this paper will focus on the required physical activities and diet-related control and health support (Franz Wylie-Rosett, 2007). The physical activities I will undertake as a nursing will be preventive measures against other infections or discomfort to the living standards of the patient. Therefore, the rationales of the nursing interventions will be aimed at ensuring that the patient is living comfortably in his environs. Also, the diet interventions used will focus on balancing the nutrition of the patient for better body immunity (Begg, 2011). The risk of infection for a patient might include raised glucose levels, UTIs, decreased function of the leukocyte, pre-existing respiratory infections and alterations in circulation among others. If the symptoms perceived to these health problems are observed, it will be an indication that the patient is experiencing extended health problems related to the persisting diseases. There are physical interventions that can be used to reduce the risk of infection for such medical issues. The aim of such medical interventions will be to make him understand that there is need of nursing assistance in such condition (Carpenito, 2009). Also, techniques that can be used to reduce chances of infection will be demonstrated to the other people who are supporting this man in daily activities. Following these nursing interventions will help in reducing the probability of the patient infecting other diseases that might be linked to the pre-existing health problems. As a nurse I will observe some physical symptoms such as flushed appearance, fever, purulent sputum, would drainage and cloudy urine. This is because people showing such signs and symptoms might be admitted in medical centres because of the infections. Also, some infection such as nosocomial might be experienced if there is no effective health intervention undertaken. Promoting and teaching good hygiene will be profitable for the health condition because of the lowered immunity, thus reducing the risks/chances of cross-contaminations. I will also ensure that the processes of medication are kept free from bacteria among other microorganisms that might lead to infections. The importance of keeping asepsis is because the increased level of glucose in the blood creates a favourable development environment for bacteria, virus and other microorganisms (Begg, 2011). There will be a great need of providing sufficient skin care for the patient by massaging and ensuring that the skin is kept dry. Ineffective skin care might raise the chance of infections and breakdown because the infectious microorganisms will thrive well in a mismanaged skin surface. Listening to the breathing sounds of the patient will help in identifying cases of respiratory diseases, thus developing an effective medical intervention for the perceived disease. Deep breathing and coughing are encouraged because it helps in ventilating the lungs, thus increasing the efficiency of breathing (Munshi et al., 2016). Also, developing an effective disposal of the sputum among other secretions will help in managing chances of other infections. Finally, I would encourage to intake diet foods and fluids to reduce the susceptibility of disease infections. The patient should be weighed daily to observe the changes in weight, which shows the effectiveness of the diet plan. If the body condition is worsened, a better nutritional intake plan will be developed to help in improving the condition of the patient. The diet plan is very important because it contributes to improving the state of the body for the patient. Auscultating the bowel sounds will help in determining the efficiency of digestion, which might cause abdominal pains vomiting, nausea and bloating among other digestive problems. I will also use fluid containing nutrient because of the easy digestion and absorption. This will help the patient in managing the issue of nutrient deficiency in the blood. The best preference foods for the patient can be included in the diet plan to encourage him to eat and enjoy the meals. A ration of 3:1:1 should be used in the diet of carbohydrates, proteins and fats respectively to ensure that the foods are fairly balanced (Munshi et al., 2016). Conclusion In conclusion, patients suffering chronic diseases should be provided with effective nursing interventions to help them in maintaining a normal lifestyle. Also, cases of insufficient body functioning such as intelligence disability should be provided with sufficient support to help the victims receive fair treatment and assistance in their daily activities. Therefore, the living standards of the patients will be perfectly and more efficiently managed by managing their needs. References Begg, A. (2011). Practical Diabetes Care. European Diabetes Nursing, 8(2), 73-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/edn.182 Carpenito, L. (2009). Nursing care plans documentation. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Chicoine, B. McGuire, D. (2010). The guide to good health for teens adults with Down syndrome. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House. Franz, M. Wylie-Rosett, J. (2007). The 2006 American Diabetes Association Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 20(1), 49-52. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.20.1.49 Horn, D. (2011). Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disability and Significant Speech and Language Deficits in Patients with FOXP1 Deletions and Mutations. Molecular Syndromology. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000330916 Munshi, M., Florez, H., Huang, E., Kalyani, R., Mupanomunda, M., Pandya, N. et al. (2016). Management of Diabetes in Long-term Care and Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(2), 308-318. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc15-2512

okay.doc Essay Example For Students

okay.doc Essay Okay, on to CLSA. Heres a base case on why CLSA/e Equity Access nixedSybase ASE 11.9 for Microsoft SQL Server 2000 on their research database. Problem to solve:=================Provide a mechanism that will enable secure electronic contribution andstorage of information related to equity research data, as well as, amechanism to enable secure electronic distribution of the information storedin a repository or data warehouse. Factors affecting the implementationincluded:* Providing access to the mechanisms via intranet and internet connectivity* Ensuring the contribution / storage / notification process can beperformed in ; 5seconds once the information has been submitted forconfirmation* Ensuring performance (i.e., user response time) as it relates to thedistribution of information can be performed in ; 5 seconds once requested* The contribution function must support no less than 1000 simultaneoususers located in 15 countries. * The distribution mechanism must support not less than 2,000,000simultaneous users located in 57 countries. * Rapid startup time (3 months for a prototype 9 months for production)Those were my requirements --The issues:=================Our parent firm was already using a home-grown research database forcontribution and distribution of 400 GB of research information. It wassuggested that we copy their setup and code to meet our rapid startuprequirement. Our parent firm had implemented a Sybase ASE 11.9 database running onhigh-end HP Unix servers (hp superdome with 256GB memory with a 2000GB (2TB)mirrored storage array)engineered for large-scale databases. This high-endarchitecture is ideal for the specific demands of online transactionprocessing workloads and high availability (never goes down). Unfortunately,the whole setup is very expensive and very centralized (Hong Kong). In orderto meet their performance criteria, they resorted to distributing all orparts of the database across multiple servers in different time zones. Thiswas very expensive solution to maintain because of the database licensing,hardware, communication costs associated with distributing the data, andpersonnel to support the distributed databases (3 databases x 55 tables ineach database x 4 countries). We were starting with 6 countries and over 100,000 simultaneous users. Theparent solution cost would have an initial capital expenditure of $4,200,000and a run rate of $46,000 per month (to start). Our budget to start was somewhere around $125,000 (not including personnel). -This is how I make a living ==============================Using a copy of Microsoft SQL Server 2000, I prototyped the database andsupporting structures (indexes, stored procs, tables, etc) in two weeksusing our parent firm and another successful internet-based researchsupplier as templates for our base service. The license for the software was$900, and the server was already being used for other non-production work. SQL Server license was free because we already had a development license. I set SQL (ANSI SQL-92), JAVA (J2EE), Javascript, XML, and HTLM as thebaseline for our standards for development. Notepad was the developmenttool. I picked up a free evaluation copy of ColdFusion 5.0 for themiddleware components and downloaded JDK 1.3 from Sun.com for the Javadevelopment environment. The majority of the database activity revolves around a master transactiontable for collecting and distributing data. Seperate reference tables (in1-to-many relationships with the transaction tables) are used for useraccess, markets, countries, clients, contributors, names, address, etc, inorder to minimize table maintenance and complicated screen inputs. Command-line batch jobs using SQL BULK INSERT we created to transfer databetween database servers. In six weeks we were ready to test the systems performance on a CompaqProliant 8500 class machine with 8 CPUs, 16GB memory, with external storagefor 200GB. We had

Mapping For Essay College - What Is It?

Mapping For Essay College - What Is It?One of the last things that students need to make sure that they are doing is a thorough mapping for essay. Mapping for essay can be considered as a must-do assignment for most colleges, depending on the essay that you are writing. It can be a daunting task, especially when you are already feeling like you don't know what you are doing.Mapping for essay college does not have to be stressful, though. When you know the right questions to ask, you will find that it is much easier to map your essay for essay college and make it into an excellent essay. Knowing where to start and how to begin will help you in mapping for essay college.What are some examples of maps for essay college? One good example is the map of the essay. In many cases, you will find that you have no idea how you can use maps to map an essay. Luckily, you can use maps to get you started.Maps for essay can help you by guiding you through your topics, describing how everything relat es to one another, and even taking you outside of your topic. All of these elements are very important for helping you achieve your objective. Furthermore, you can see how your essay would look like in a journal or book. You can also use maps to show you how to integrate different types of information, like research, into your essay.The best thing about mapping for essay college is that you will have a good foundation to begin your essay. Without a good foundation, you will most likely get stuck and end up going in circles. Since maps are different from a journal or book, you will have more freedom to write and to change a certain detail. When you are starting from scratch, this freedom can really help.You can also apply maps for essay college in your writing. In fact, mapping for essay college is very easy, if you have the right maps. Before you start your mapping for the essay, you should go through your writing first. Think about how you would describe an event if you were talkin g about it. This exercise will help you identify what maps would work well with.After you have identified which maps would work well, you can move on to mapping your writing. However, don't just look at your writing to determine the kind of map that would work best. Rather, just look at your writing and then write down your thoughts and feelings about the event and its connections. This will allow you to map for essay college that would benefit from maps but will also let you develop a rough outline on the story.Mapping for essay college also allows you to see what could be done in relation to the idea that you are trying to write about. When you map, you will be able to avoid going off on a tangent and to keep your thoughts on the same point. After you have used mapping for essay college to map for essay college, you will find that your work is much easier to read and you will have a much better idea of how to do your writing.

Environment Pollution and Human Impact Essay Example

Environment: Pollution and Human Impact Paper Every living thing has an impact on its environment. Therefore a human impact on the environment is inevitable. By simply existing, all species including ourselves will imprint their mark on the world around them. What differentiates us from other species is our ability to greatly overburden our environment with very few limits. The information regarding our human impact is vast and impossible to cover in one article but I will attempt to cover a basic overview. For 200 years weve been conquering Nature. Now were beating it to death. Tom McMillan Water Pollution Perhaps the most obvious examples of a negative human impact on the environment is water pollution. Its obvious we need water to survive but few people realize how much we need and just how much is available. Consider these facts from the United Nations Environment Programmer: Of all the water on Earth, only 2. 5% of it is freshwater. * Of that 2. 5%, less than 1% is available to us. * Humans each require up to 13 gallons (50 liters) a day of fresh water for drinking. Joking and cleaning. This does NOT take into account the countless gallons of water needed to grow food or care for animals. * 70% of all rosewater usage goes to irrigation. According to Organic Farming Research Foundation, only 2% of farms are organic. This means almost 69% of our freshwater supply is being contaminated by chemical pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers, while also compounded with fossil fuels and emissions from heavy farming machine ry. These chemical compounds contribute to acid rain. We will write a custom essay sample on Environment: Pollution and Human Impact specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Environment: Pollution and Human Impact specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Environment: Pollution and Human Impact specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Since very little can live in an acidic environment, acid rain has harmful effects on plants, animals, and aquatic life, as well as humans and even buildings, statues or other objects. Acid rain also contaminates our limited freshwater supply, and hush the cycle of water pollution continues. According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 45% of assessed stream miles, 47% of assessed lake acres, and 32% of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were not clean enough to support uses such as swimming or fishing. The following reasons and possible sources for this include: Photo Source: Alan Lifting * Sediments, pathogens and habitat alterations from agricultural activity and hydrological modifications (such as dams) * Excessive nutrients, metals and organic enrichment from agricultural activity and atmospheric deposition the movement of pollutants from one environment to another, such as from water to air) * Heehaw metals (primarily mercury), excess nutrients and organic enrichment from industrial and municipal discharges (treated or untreated waste water released from sewer plants and industrial factories into natural water sources) These points listed above lead to a poisoned and uninhabitable environment for plants and aquatic life, as well as affect land animals and humans reliant on these systems for survival and other land- bound plant life in need of clean water for growth. Land Pollution Land pollution, the degradation of the Earths surfaces and soil, is caused by human activity and a misuse of natural resources. Causes of land pollution and degradation include: * Urban sprawl: Natural habitats are removed to make room for communities, usually with inefficient or irresponsible planning. Urban sprawl generally results in a waste of land area for unused development (such as excessive roads, decorative and unused areas, etc). Poor agricultural practices: Animal manure runoff from CAFÉ (Confined Animal Feeding Operations), the use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides and actinides, the practice of growing monocultures (only one crop season after season) and the deforestation required to expand farm land all contribute to degradation and pollution. * Personal consumption: Our modern cultures desire to have more, bigger and better things, as well as our relationship to and habit of waste, has lead to striping of the land, excessive mining and pollution from industrial activities. * Industrial activities: The production of chemical-laden plastics, poor quality of products, unethical practices (such as illegal dumping), and extreme emissions affect both surrounding and far- caching areas. None of this takes into account illegal dumping, diminishing landfill space, litter, overproduction of synthetic materials, radioactive waste and more. I photo Source: malingering All land pollution is caused by a human impact on the environment and thus can be averted by our actions alone. Two of the necessary actions must be proper planning and proper usage of natural resources. F-or instances, animals could be taken out of CAFÉ and allowed to graze on mountainous or wooded areas unsuitable for buildings or crops. Using organic and sustainable farming techniques can eliminate our need for chemical applications. Clean energy, such as wind or solar power, can slowly begin to replace coal or nuclear plants. And as consumers we can lessen our human impact on the environment by demanding better quality products, environmentally ethical practices from industries and a shift toward sustainable energy. Air Pollution One bit of good news about our human impact on the environment is that air pollution is lowering and air quality is increasing. According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, is once 1990 to 2008: * Ozone decreased 14% * Lead decreased 78% * Nitrogen dioxide decreased 35% Carbon monoxide decreased 68% * Sulfur dioxide decreased 59% However, 127 million people still live in areas that exceed quality standards. And some of the quality standards are far from ideal, such as ozone. The question is: what amount of air pollution is really okay? Shouldnt we be striving for technologies or practices that virtually eliminate major polluters, such as: Photo Source: Michael Cave?CNN * Better public transit, electric cars, rail, and city planning etc to replace heavy commutes, fossil fuels, air travel and unlikable communities * Retrofitting or otherwise upgrading existing factories with greener cosmologies such as solar panels or air filtration systems * Removing animals from factory farms and raising them on natural diets and rotating pasture to reduce methane emissions and pollution The greatest human impact on the environment we can have is to vote with our pocket book and our actions. By supporting companies that use greener technologies, we can start a trend toward better solutions. By getting involved in community planning and zoning We can have a global impact on a local level. And by buying less stuff, eating less animal products and sourcing our food from sustainable farms, we can spread the word that better solutions do exist and they dont have to cater to mega-corporations and lobbyist pressure. The Consequences Of A Human Impact On The Environment Man make a death which Nature never made. Edward Young What most of us fail to realize is that we will never truly destroy Earth. The planet will always remain and its nature will change and adapt to the conditions. But we have evolved to rely on the very particular conditions currently in place. We have specific water and food requirements, can only tolerate certain temperature ranges and we must have an abundance of lean, breathable air. Just look at how the environment is affecting human health already. Thus the question is not whether the Earth can withstand a human impact on the environment. The real question is will we so change the environment as to drive ourselves (and other species) to extinction? Ready To Get Stepping? All of this information about the human impact on the environment is great to help you understand and formulate your own opinions to the issues, but the most important part is not your opinions; its how those opinions change your lifestyle. Dont find fault. Find a remedy. Henry Ford If youre ready to get started, Id recommend the following Steps first: * Top Ways To Go Green: These should be your starting points. They are the no-duh things and most Of them are very easy to implement. * Going Green At Home: For most of us, our homes are probably our biggest carbon footprint. Pop over there to learn easy ways to save water, energy and other resources. * Or you can skip back toothy Go Green? To learn more. You might like: The Definition of Green Living (And Greenmailing) Top Ways To Go Green 33+ Eucalyptus Oil Uses and Benefits For Women Only: Self-Care and a Glowing You 5 All-Natural, Antiviral Essential Oils Enhance the Holidays with Essential Oils FREE Tell-class! Have fun! Stay up-to-date with Human Impact on the Environment by subscribing to our feed! Top of Form Email: Bottom of Form Or read more about this offer here. #1-169 For references on this or other pages, please visit environmental articles. Please read our disclaimer regarding all health opinions shared on this site. 91 19 20 9785 New! Comments Have your say about what you just read! Leave me a comment in the box below. Start Here * What Is Green Living? Human Effects on the Environment More Sharing Serviceberry I Share on faceable Share on bebop Share on twitter Share on email Email Share on print Print As humans occupy every continent, we have changed the environment around us in countless ways. Many changes have been beneficial and many have been adverse, here we discuss deforestation as we can see directly many of the effects widespread deforestation has had on ecosystems. Deforestation Deforestation is the rapid destruction of woodland. Although it can occur due to natural catastrophe it is most commonly caused by human intervention. Deforestation has been occurring since humans have been able to cut down Reese, but it has increased greatly over the last century. The major reasons for deforestation are: * Obtaining hardwood (e. G teak) for furniture. * Obtaining softwood for paper and other wood products. * Clearing areas for cattle farming. * Clearing areas for agriculture. * Clearing areas for arbitration, including road building. Some effects of * Changes in nutrient cycles. Less carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, leading to a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. * Less oxygen is released into the atmosphere as less photosynth esis occurs. Fewer trees means less transpiration, which may lead to a less humid atmosphere since less water evaporates from soil than from leaves. Climatic changes With a drier atmosphere there are knock on effects to the water cycle resulting in less rainfall. With fewer trees to protect the soil there is a more rapid heating of the soil. This can lead to thermal gradients occurring resulting in an increase in wind intensity and frequency. Reduced soil fertility Removal of trees, particularly deciduous ones, removes the major source of nutrients for the soil. There may be as much as a 90% loss of nutrients through deforestation. There is likely to be an increase in soil erosion as the bare soil is exposed directly to wind and rain and there are no trees roots to stabilize the soil structure. Flooding and landslide Under normal conditions most of the rain falling on woodland is absorbed either through the leaves or the roots. If the trees are removed the water accumulates in the soil, increasing instability and resulting in possible landslips. As the rain water is not being absorbed, it can run off the area into adjacent rivers and lead to flooding. Destruction of species Many species are endemic to forested areas. If large areas of forest are lost hey will be unable to move from one area to another, this will result in isolated populations, which may lead to a decrease in genetic diversity. There are many medically useful plants in forest habitats, these will be lost due to deforestation. There are many undiscovered species, particularly plants and insects that may have uses for humans. Due to deforestation, these possible uses may never be discovered. Effects of Human Activities on Environment Climate Change Just about a year back, I came across an article in which environmentalists expressed their concerns that if the Gangster glacier (that feeds river Ganges) pet melting at its current rate, the river Ganges would soon dry up. River Ganges is the holy river of India, which has served as a lifeline for centuries for millions of people on its banks. Rivers have played an important role in the survival of mankind, and many of them are fed by glaciers. Global warming refers to the increase in the temperatures of the earth due to release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane from industries and vehicles. This phenomenon is causing the glaciers to melt at an alarming rate. Not just the Gangster, but even the polar ice caps are melting at a faster ate than they can form. The result is increase in the sea level, and it poses a danger of drowning the low-lying areas. Some of the areas that may go under the sea if the sea levels kept increasing include Bangladesh, parts of Africa and even major cities like London and New York! Depletion of Ozone Layer The stratosphere has a layer Of ozone that protects us from the harmful ultraviolet (XIV) rays of the sun. Exposure to these rays cause skin cancer and cataracts. However, the ozone layer filters out the dangerous IV rays from sunlight as it enters the earths atmosphere. The chlorofluorocarbons (CIFS) hat are man-made chemicals are released in the atmosphere through CUFF containing aerosols, refrigeration equipment, foam and as by products of certain industrial processes. As these chemicals are released, they rise into the atmosphere and break down the ozone molecules that form the ozone layer. There is an ozone hole in the Antarctic stratosphere that is causing great concern to environmentalists all over the world. Because of the ozone holes in the upper atmosphere, the Earth receives excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun. This is harmful for trees and plants (and for animals and human beings who depend on plants). The IV rays can destroy a certain type of bacteria known as Contractible that are important for a number Of economically important crops. Researchers are even predicting that excess level of IV rays could lead to the death of the phytoplankton, that are an important component of the food web of the oceans. Pollution Industrialization has been the hallmark of human progress. However, with industries have come a host of toxic gases that are being released into the atmosphere even as I write this article and you read it. Industries release gallons of liquid waste into the seas and rivers. Some of the effluents percolate down and reach the ground water and pollute it to the extent that it cant be used by human beings for drinking or cooking. Intensive agriculture and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides are destroying the natural land and driving animals away. Besides adding to air pollution, the innumerable vehicles running on the roads add to noise pollution that has led to an increase in stress, anxiety and problems related to hearing. Water pollution has led to a decrease in the number of various aquatic animals. Several aquatic life forms are on the verge of extinction. Migratory birds are known to change their course due to pollution or change in weather. Respiratory diseases in human beings is another price that we are paying for polluting the environment. Acid rains can kill trees, destroy crops and fish life in lakes and streams. Ingestion or inhalation of toxic substances increases the chances of having life-threatening diseases like cancer. Increasing population, industrialization and need of land for development of expanding cities has led man to cut down forests selfishly. Not only are the forests home to a large number of animals, trees are also an important impotent of the water cycle. The roots of plants hold the soil together and prevent soil erosion. The global forest cover has shrunk to half its area in the last 1 1 ,OHO years. During the period between 1 990 and 2000 itself, the yearly loss of natural forests was 16 million hectares. Deforestation at such alarming rate has been a cause of constant worry for environmentalists the world over. Biodiversity plays an extremely important role when it comes to maintaining the life on Earth. Extinction of Species The variety and interdependence of all living things has led to the evolution of world. Man has been killing animals right since the time he acquired the skill of hunting. Although in those times, hunting was the means for survival, human beings continued to kill animals even after they had learned to cultivate crops. The relentless hunting by human beings, sometimes for the hide of a cheetah or the tusks of the elephants, or simply to cook the tasty shark fin soup, has wiped out the existence Of a large number of animals in just a century. Besides hunting, human activities like environmental pollution and deforestation has led to the extinction of a large number of animals and lands due to loss of habitat. Recent studies have shown that in North America, 37 animal species have become extinct in the last 50 years due to human activities. Loss of habitat led to the extinction of the Bali subspecies of tiger in 1937. According to the 2008 annual ILIAC (International Union for Conservation of Nature) report, there were 1 6,928 animal and plant species that are threatened of extinction and the list keeps increasing every year. Despite the indiscriminate exploitation of nature by some people, there are a handful of those that are relentlessly working to reverse the detrimental effects of human activities on the environment. The World Wildlife Fund, European Environment Agency and the National Geographic are some organizations that run programs for the preservation of nature and educate and inspire people to conserve all life forms be it flora or fauna. Here is a small list of activities that can help reestablish the ecosystems. How can Humans Improve Damaged Ecosystems Passing and implementing strict laws for industries and colonies. Those who are responsible for polluting air and water should be severely punished. Creating protected wildlife reserves. Certain species that are on the verge of extinction should be declared as protected species by respective governments. Breeding certain species, and releasing them afterwards so that they can live in their own habitat. Preserving and creating proper habitats. Planting as many trees as possible. Reforestation or re-greening the damaged areas can help avoid desertification of land. Creating awareness by celebrating Earth Day, Green Day, Tree Day, etc. Eliminating foreign species can help native species of plants to grow. Cleaning the rivers, ponds and lakes. Avoiding use of plastic bags. Separating dry and wet garbage, composting, using wet garbage as manure. Avoiding use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Using innovative and different energy forms like solar energy, wind energy, etc. Limiting the use of vehicles by following the rule of carpool, taking stairs, walking or taking a bike ride whenever possible. Eating local products can help avoid wastage of gas and air pollution; as food products are transported by trucks, trains, ships or airplanes. They are processed with machines which require electricity to run. We have overworked the planet. Still, we can stop environmental degradation by following certain rules. Creating awareness about the duties and susceptibilities Of the citizens Of EARTH is equally important. Now that we know how humans affect the environment, let us not sit back leaving all the responsibility of conserving our planet on a handful of people. Each one of us can make a valuable contribution towards preserving our environment. Let us do our own bit, for, in the well-being of the environment lies the key to our survival. Read more at Puzzle: http://www. Puzzle. Com/articles/how-do- humans-affect-the-environment. HTML Look around. Does the summer seem hotter than it was last year? Does it seem like the monsoon has given up on a schedule and does just as it leases? Does it seem weird that there are freak storms and floods? Do you see the green cover rapidly shrinking on Planet Earth and the pollution levels rising? You arent the only one whos witnessing all this. Its happening the world over. Alarming climatic changes, deforestation, destruction of habitat, and extinction of species as well as rising pollution levels are only some of the current environmental issues that we are faced with. Ironically, humans have to combat several such man-made effects that have harmed Mother Nature in many ways, over the years. What you sow is what you reap. Ring a bell? Resisting the temptation to get all condescending, lets get an insight into some Of the major environmental issues that We need to deal with currently. Current Environmental Issues Global Warming Global warming is one of the major issues that we are being faced with today. The term signifies an increase in the atmospheric temperature near the earths surface, which is caused due to various reasons. Scientists are of the opinion that a rise in the carbon dioxide levels will further aggravate the situation. The greenhouse effect causes the earths heat to be trapped in the atmosphere, which results in the increase in temperatures. Global warming has thus caused a change in the climate of the earth, causing temperatures to rise. This, in turn, has an effect on various species dependent on the basic laws of nature. A change in the same makes survival a difficult issue. A warmer earth also causes changes in the rainfall patterns and thus affects humans, plants and animals as well. Ozone Depletion Chlorofluorocarbons (CIFS) are considered to be the main cause Of ozone depletion. The term ozone depletion implies a decline in the quantity of ozone in the earths stratosphere. The loss of ozone in the lower stratosphere was first recorded in Antarctica in the sass. As we all know, the earths atmosphere is composed of many layers; ozone forms one such layer in the stratosphere. CIFS are used in aerosol sprays as well as air conditioners. These, when released into the atmosphere add to the ozone depletion. The ozone hole in the Antarctic is caused primarily due to these CIFS. Due to ozone depletion, humans are faced with various other problems such as dealing with the harmful effects of IV rays. These affect not only humans, but also affect plants and various species of animals as well. Pollution is something that we face on an everyday basis. It is probably a problem that we may have become immune to, given our fast-paced lives and the fact that it is being treated as a hackneyed issue, where a lot is spoken about but nothing concrete is ever done. Air pollution occurs with the addition of harmful chemicals into the earths atmosphere. The main pollutants of air are carbon monoxide, CIFS (Chlorofluorocarbons), nitrogen oxides and Suffer dioxide. Water pollution is caused when wastes are released into the water and contaminates it. Soil pollution takes place when the soil is contaminated due to various industrial activities. Noise pollution occurs when the noise levels (honking, loud speakers, etc. ) crosses the normal decibel level. This can have a harmful effect on ones hearing and lead to more severe after-effects, both physical and psychological (fatigue, irritation, stress, etc. ). Loss of Natural Resources With the alarming rate of increase in population, the loss of natural resources has become one of the major concerns. Issues like deforestation, animal extinction, shortage of water, lack of space and food are only some of the concerns brought on by the lack of resources.

How to Research Topics for a Space Research Paper

How to Research Topics for a Space Research PaperTo write a space research paper, you should research and understand how to write a space research paper. When you have good topics you will find that the topics will be easier to write about and your research will turn out well.The first thing to do is to find a simple topic for your space research paper. This is the most important step in the process because there are so many topics to choose from and if you choose a topic that you are not familiar with, it may turn out to be too difficult to write about. It is recommended that you do some research on the topic to get a better understanding of what you should write about.You should also have an idea of the subject matter that you are studying or researching and the different types of research papers that are available for the topic. There are several options available, including theories, methods, tools, experiments, and actual experiments. Once you know which type of research paper y ou are looking for, you will be better able to narrow down your search.It is important to write a space research paper that is focused on a particular topic. This is very important because the space sector is a specialized field. You need to know the details about that particular subject. This will help you get through the space sector's rigorous requirements in order to gain your degree.Another thing to do when you are writing a space research paper is to be clear and concise. You want to make sure that you explain your research carefully and clearly so that your readers will understand the information that you are presenting.In addition to writing a space research paper that is focused on a particular topic, you should also research some background information on that particular topic. This will help you gain an understanding of what has been done in the past on that topic and will provide you with a better understanding of what is possible in the future. Being clear about what yo u want to write about will make your topic clearer to understand and you will be able to write a well-written space research paper.Writing space research paper can also be difficult and therefore it is necessary to have some guidelines that you can follow as you write. By following these guidelines, you will be able to write a space research paper that is well-written and informative. You will be able to write a space research paper that will be easy to read and will be accurate.Writing space research paper is not an easy task but by following these tips you will be able to make writing a space research paper easier and much more enjoyable. You will be able to prepare yourself and your fellow students for your final exam. When you prepare yourself for a test, you will be able to write a well-written space research paper and you will be able to pass your final exam with flying colors.

How to Improve Your Persuasive Essay Topic

How to Improve Your Persuasive Essay TopicIf you want to get into the field of professional persuasion, then you need to choose a number of persuasive essay topics. One can learn how to write a persuasive essay from the top online schools of academia. But it is wise to take the help of an expert when you plan to enroll in a degree program. The persuasive essay topics and the study guides can be easily found in the internet.There are several resources that can help you get hold of persuasive essay topics. These include: the best online colleges, websites, books, and study guides. They can be downloaded to your computer. You can use these tools to learn how to write a persuasive essay. A large number of persuasive essay topics can be found in the World Wide Web.There are a number of popular message board sites on the internet where you can find topics that can help you get the success you deserve. These websites are flooded with writings of various people. You can use the persuasive es say topics to improve your essay and become the best at persuading.If you have the time and patience, you can also find a study guide online for the purpose. It is a good idea to look out for a study guide that can help you improve your writing skills. You will find different study guides at different websites. The study guides will help you develop a better understanding of persuasive writing and understanding your reader.To get the best from your essay, you must be able to understand your reader. Your reader is likely to take up your arguments based on their own needs and problems. In order to determine your audience, you must understand what your reader wants. You must then use persuasive essay topics to get them to click your links.When you look for persuasive essay topics, the best way to do it is to make use of search engines. Type in the subject you are trying to get into the search engines and the people that would help you will come up in the results. You will also find a n umber of other writing samples and study guides in the result. These study guides can help you find out your target audience and ensure that you select the right topic and approach for you.It is important to read about persuasive essay topics before deciding on which to write about. Make sure that you are knowledgeable about the target audience so that you can write about things that your audience wants to hear. You should always put your readers first, especially when you write essays. Be very clear in your ideas and conclusions and you will find your persuasive essay topics effective.

Answer Question Example

Answer Question Example Answer Question – Coursework Example Grices Maxims al Affiliation) Paul Grice is a famous scholar who wrote theories about how individuals carry out themselves when speaking (Ramsay & Field, 2007). Most individuals follow the rules subconsciously not knowing what they mean. The question number 2 violates the rule of the maxim of relation. It is because the individual answering the question is off topic. The individual answers about the singers costume and yet the question relates to her singing. On the other hand, question 6 the individual speaking breaks the rule of Maxim of Quantity. It is because he or she does not provide the information that will help the individual asking the question. Question 1 is not valid and sound because the sentence is vague. It does make sense in the mindset of the individual reading. The sentence is not sound because the professors agree that they have little pay, but it is not a basis for the small pay. Question 2 is also not valid and sound because Lee cannot run a company, but he is ca pable of doing many things. The speaker violates the maxim of quality because the individual answering the question does not say what he or she believes is the truth. Question 5 is not sound and valid because it is vague. Question 7 is sound and valid because it is because is truthful. Question 9 and 11 are sound and valid because they make sense to an individual reading it. All his or her children are the teenager a valid sentence that is true. All teenagers area student is an invalid statement, which is false. All my children are students a valid answer, which is true.ReferencesRamsay, A., & Field, D. (2007). Speech Acts, Epistemic Planning and Grices Maxims. Journal Of Logic And Computation, 18(3), 431-457. doi:10.1093/logcom/exm073